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- 01/88 REVISION OF KIP
-
- The January 1988 revision of KIP adds:
- Ethertalk support.
- Additions to atalkad to aid in configuration.
- Magic zone name 'ALL'.
-
-
- ETHERTALK
-
- The installation manual (doc/install) and atalkatab (etc/atalkatab) have
- been modified to cover ethertalk configuration. Please read those files.
- Below is reproduced a section from 'install' that explains the modification.
- See also the section 'ETHERTALK CONSIDERATIONS' in 'install'.
-
- APPLETALK FORMS
-
- Before we can discuss setting up the administrator daemon and
- database we need to explain the different forms in which appletalk
- exists. 'Appletalk' is the word used by Apple to describe the
- protocol family that they designed. This protocol family contains
- protocols that implement various services such as name binding
- (location), file access, and laserwriter printing.
-
- The Appletalk protocol family can be used on a variety of
- communication media. For each of these media, appletalk takes on a
- unique 'form' (or encapsulation) specific to that media. Thus we can
- label three different appletalk-forms:
-
- 'Localtalk' is Appletalk on the original Apple-designed daisy-chain
- cabling system (shielded, twisted pair). Localtalk would also
- refer to the alternate cable scheme developed by Farallon
- (PhoneNet) that uses standard phone company cables and connectors.
-
- 'Ethertalk' is Appletalk running on ethernet hardware. There are
- now cards for the Mac II (from Apple/3com and Kinetics) that speak
- ethertalk. Additionally some commercial mainframe products such as
- TOPS for UNIX and Alisatalk for VMS use ethertalk.
-
- 'Appletalk-in-IP' is Appletalk encapsulated inside IP datagrams,
- which in turn are carried on a media such as ethernet or fiber
- optics. The advantage of putting appletalk inside of IP is that
- preexisting campus gateways and hosts dont have to be modified (at
- low levels) to understand appletalk. There is much more equipment
- available on the market that understands the IP protocol family
- versus the relatively new Appletalk family. For 4.X BSD derived
- UNIX machines, the CAP (Columbia Univ. Appletalk Package) software
- provides file access and print spooling capabilities.
-
- The original KIP gateway software supported the localtalk and
- appletalk-in-IP forms of appletalk. The 0188 release of KIP added
- the support of ethertalk. Thus a single ethernet cable can support
- both the ethertalk and the appletalk-in-IP encapsulations. This is
- done by assigning such ether cables TWO appletalk network numbers.
- Traffic directed to one of the net numbers goes out in ethertalk
- form, traffic to the other net number goes out as appletalk-in-IP.
- At a recent Apple sponsored IP conference, this mechanism was dubbed
- 'doubletalk'(!)
-
- You might encounter this confusion in terminology: before 1987 Apple
- Computer refered to the protocol family AND the physical cabling /
- signaling system as 'appletalk'. Just be aware that 'appletalk' NOW
- means the protocol family and not just a particular physical
- implementation such as localtalk or ethertalk.
-
-
- CONFIGURATION AIDS
-
- Atalkad has two new configuration aids. The major one is a "%n"
- format item that can be used to refer to a "previous appletalk network
- number" in the atnete, atneta, and atnetet fields. See the install
- document for further details.
-
- The second configuration aid is a "check" command. Now, if you run
- atalkad with the "-c" flag it will check the default atalkatab by
- reading it in and dumping it back in a human readable format.
-
- A sample output from -c might look like:
-
- 1/21 10:46 (re)reading atalkatab.test
- 1/21 10:46 art build: 3 entries, 64 maximum
- Route 0.3 IP.Network, net 0: host is client at 128.xx.16.0
- Route 66.0 ethertalk.Network, ethertalk at 128.xx.16.144
- Route 64.9 appletalk.Network, Kinetics box at 128.xx.16.144
- IP Broadcast: 128.xx.16.255, IP name: 192.1.2.67
- IP debug 128.xx.0.148, IP file server (unused)
- IP static address range: empty
- IP dynamic address range: 128.xx.16.145 128.xx.16.159
- Kbox interfaces:
- LocalTalk: 64.9 zone appletalk.Network
- KIP: 0.3 zone IP.Network
- ethertalk: 66.0 zone ethertalk.Network
-
-
- ZONES
-
- The zone name "ALL" allows multiple CAP hosts on a single large
- ethernet to be visible in multiple zones. This modification is from
- Dan Tappan at BBN and below he explains how he uses this capability.
-
- The motivation is that we have one central ethernet, connected with
- LANBridges, with all the server systems on it. Different machines are
- owned by different groups, and I'd like for them to have the option
- of being in different zones. The appletalk ZONE definition assumes
- that all machines on one network are in a single administrative
- group. That's reasonable for localtalk when you're talking about max
- 31 (and practicaly O(10)) but breaks down with CAP (and Ethertalk for
- that matter). Before this mod I had to put a separate entry in
- atalkatab for every zone, pointing at the same network (or assign
- fake network numbers pointing to the same IP net). It seemed kludgy,
- was an administrative pain, and wasted table space.
-
- Be careful with this option though: it is in violation of the appletalk
- specification. Note: atis, the CAP NBP nameserver, will only answer
- NBP lookups in its own zone and NBP Lookups from the gateway always
- include the zone (e.g. never "*").
-
- KIP 0987 and previous releases of KIP assumed that interface networks
- were in the same zone. In KIP0188, all three appletalk-forms may all
- be in different zones.
-
-
- KNOWN PROBLEMS
-
- KIP0987 added configuration flags for "conf_laserfilter" and
- "conf_tildefilter". Unfortunately, these do not work properly in all
- cases. The problem comes up when you have a NBP Response with more
- than one entity in response. This problem may occur under the
- following conditions: (a) a node has more than one name in its names
- information table and (b) the node receives a wildcard lookup.
-
-
- OTHER CHANGES
-
- Atalkad didn't always reread administrator database table (atalkatab)
- file when the file was rewritten and modifications were made to correct
- this situation.
-
- The gateway now answers DDP echo requests.
-
- DDP long form packets are always accepted now--even where short form
- packets are asked for in the (July '86) appletalk specifications.
- RTMP and non-atp ZIP responses are still sent out in DDP short form on
- all interfaces.
-
- ATP ZIP requests are always sent in long DDP form.
-
- The zonelist is not sent in response to the ZIP Get My Zonelist
- command if the zone is restricted.
-
- Ethertalk probes are done with a retry count of 10 and a retry interval
- of 1 second. This is out of spec with the ethertalk specification.
- However, the specification calls for an absurd number of probes in an
- unreasonably short interval.
-
- The 'install' document was revised with latest information.
-
- ATP ZIP support rewritten.
-
- Some modifications were make to the ethernet driver to speed it up
- marginally.
-
- --------
- Ethertalk support was added by Dan Tappan, BB&N.
-
- DDP Echo support, RTMP modification, and some ethertalk modifications
- added Charlie C. Kim, User Services, Columbia University.
-